62 / 76
Mei 2017
60
Integrated pest control
ON FARM LEVEL
The ability of
M. oryzae
to switch from the biotrophic to the ne-
crotrophic phase means it can feed on both living and dead plant
tissues, which means this fungus is neither a biotroph nor a necro-
troph, but instead is called a hemibiotroph.
Magnaporthe oryzae
is one of the few hemibiotrophs that are
experimentally tractable and has for this reason been subjected to
molecular genetics tools, such as large-scale mutant generation.
The advantage of fungal collections is that the same collections can
be screened for any phenotype of interest using a range of culture
conditions and host plants. For the past decade, successful mu-
tant screens have been conducted in various background strains of
F. graminearum
and
M. oryzae
(
Table 1
).
Such screens of mutant collections have produced vast amounts
of data, much of which has advanced knowledge of parasitic
Figure 1: Pathways leading to Fusarium head blight (top) and rice blast (bottom) disease.
Figure 2: Citations of
Fusarium graminearum
(Fg) and
Magnaporthe oryzae
(Mo) mutant collections
based on scientific aspects.
Abbreviations: ATM:
A. tumefaciens
–mutagensis; BiG: Bidirectional-genetics; PMI: Plasmid-mediated
integration; TGD: Targeted gene disruption; TF: Transcription factor; and yr: Year.
Use of mutant collections