Pula Imvula December 2020

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

HLU OLULODWA LOMBIKO WOKUHLOLWA

KWENHLABATHI OLUNGAPHANSI KWESIHLO-

KO ESITHI

CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY

(CEC)

NGOKUVAMILE AYINAKWA NOMA AYI-

QONDISISWA. LENA YINGXENYE EBALULEKE

KAKHULU YENHLABATHI OKUFANELE UYIQAPHELE UKU-

ZE UBHEKE UKUVUNDA KWENHLABATHI, UMPHUMELA

WE-APLIKHESHINI YE-

LIME

EMINYAKENI EMITHATHU

NOMA NGAPHEZULU, IBHALANSI YAMAMINERALI ASE-

NHLABATHINI KANYE NOMANYOLO OKHONA OFAKIWE

NGOKUNJALO NAMAZINGA OKUVUNDA KWENHLABATHI

JIKELELE.

INHLABATHI

Inhlabathi yakhiwe ngemikhakha exubene emine eyisisekelo – nga-

maminerali, umoya, amanzi kanye ne-

organic matter

. Inhlabathi

ejwayelekile ingakhiwa ngo-45% wamaminerali, u-25% wamanzi

u-25% womoya ne-

organic matter

esukela ku-2% kuye ku-5%. Ingxe-

nye yeminerali iqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlayiya ezingosayizi

abangahlukaniswa njengesihlabathi, i-

silt

noma ibumba. Ingxenye

emele lokhu isetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa inhlabathi njengesihlabathi,

loamy sand

, i-

sandy loam

, i-

fine sandy loam

, i-

loam

, i-

silty loam

silt

, i-

silty clay loam

, i-

clay loam

nebumba.

AMA-

ORGANISMS

ENHLABATHI

Ngaphakathi kohlaka oluphithene olukhonjiswe ngenhla inhlabathi

ihlanganyela nama-organisms amaningi ahlukene okubalwa kuwo

ibhaktheriya, i-

actinomycetes

, i-

moulds

, i-

algae

, i-

protozoa

, i-

nema-

todes

, izinambuzane, izibungu, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo. Isisindo

sawo onke la ma-

organisms

singaphezulu kuka-175 milimitha e-

top-

soil

engalinganiselwa ku-7 000

kg/ha

. Ngakho ke inhlabathi yindawo

yokuhlala eguqukayo lapho sitshala khona izilimo zethu kanye noma-

nyolo abangamakhemikhali.

I-

ORGANIC MATTER

NENHLABATHI EYENZIWE

NGAMAQABUNGA ABOLILE I-

HUMUS

I-

organic matter

ingxenye encane yenhlabathi eyakhiwe ngakho koku-

bili ama-organisms ngenhla kanye nezinsalela zezilimo zaphambilini

ezake zaphila esikhathini esedlule noma i-

grass ley

ezisezigabeni ezahlu-

kane zokubola. Inhlabathi eyenziwe ngamaqabunga abolile phecelezi

humus

uchungechunge olude lwamamolikhuli aphicayo engacubungu-

lwa ngaphansi kwesibonisikhulu phecelezi i-

microscope

okwakhiwa nge-

organic matter

esesigabeni sokugcina sokubola. Inhlabathi yamaqabunga

abolile i-

humus

ingakhiwa ngezingxenye ezinsundu noma ezimpunga futhi

ingabonakala enhlabathini emva kwe-minimamu thileji noma kwezindlela

ze-

conservation

thileji.

Bheka inhlabathi ehlukunyezwe kakhulu nge-

disc tillage

enge-

nazo izinsalela zezitshalo kanti futhi ine-

organic matter

encane

kakhulu bese uyayiqathanisa, uma kungenzeka, nekamakhelwane

noma ngenhlabathi ewumakhelwa engaphansi kwe-

conservation till-

age

. Qhathanisa lokhu okubili ngokugubha imigodi yamaphrofayile.

Imikhakha ye-

humus

ingabonakala. Ingakhohlwa kuthatha iminyaka

eminingi yokwenza i-

conservation tillage

ukuze uphumelele ukuba

ne-

humus

engapheli. Inhlabathi equkethe u-4% we-

organic matter

kanye ne-

humus

kungasaplaya isikhuthazi/inayithrojini efinyelela

ku-200 kg esilimeni. Inamandla okonga izindleko zikamanyolo wena-

yithrojini (N).

Uma ungaphenya amaphepha ka-Dr William Albrecht amayela-

na nenhlabathi kungakukhanyela futhi kube yinzuzo nosizo olwazini

lwakho ngendlela yokwenza ngcono inhlabathi epulazini lakho. Inhla-

bathi nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi ngempela yisihloko esiyindida.

Ngabe uchazani u-CEC EKUHLO-

LWENI KWENHLABATHI yakho?

U-Richard McPherson, umbhali

wePula Imvula. Thumela i-imeyili

ku-richard@agrimetrix.co.za